OPERATION SYSTEM

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

The existence of the operating system in a computer system is a software that has the task to control and coordinate all hardware and software as well as computer resources to provide services to application programs and programmers to facilitate the utilization of its resources.

The process can also be said as the program being executed / executed (application program / ​​operating system). The process can be regarded as the smallest unit of work that individuals have the resources - resources and scheduled by the operating system. Thus the operating system has a very complex activity of managing all resources and provide services to the process - the process as needed. These activities make the operating system requires a management process.

B. Objectives of Writing

The purpose of this paper is to know about the process management operating system. And complete the tasks assigned to each teacher student groups.

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Understanding

Not all operating systems have the same structure. However, according to Avi Silberschatz,
Peter Galvin, and Greg Gagne, usually a modern operating system has a component
as follows:

• Process Management.

• Main Memory Management.

• File Management.

• Management System Input / Output.

• Secondary Storage Management.

• System Protection.

• Networks.

• Command-Interpreter System.

Meanwhile, according to the U. S. Tanenbaum, the operating system has four main components, namely:

• Management processes,

• Input / Output

• Memory Management, and

• File System.

B. Management process

The process is a program being executed. A process requiring several
resources to accomplish its task. Such resources may include CPU time, memory,
files, and device-device input / output. Operating system to allocate resources
-power resources when a process is created or is being processed / executed. when the process
The stop is executed, the operating system will get back all of the resources
can be reused.

The operating system is responsible for activities relating to the management process
such as:

• Create and delete user processes and system processes.

• Delaying or continue the process.

• Provide a mechanism for process synchronization.

• Provide a mechanism for the communication process.

• Provide a mechanism for handling deadlock.

C. Main Memory Management

Main memory, or better known as the memory is a huge array of word or
byte, the size in the hundreds, thousands, or even millions. Any word or byte
has its own address. Main memory serves as a storage instruction / data
that access to data used by the CPU and the input / output. The main memory
including data storage area that is volatile - not permanent - that is, data will
lost if the computer is turned off.

The operating system is responsible for activities related to management
memory such as:

• Keeping track of the memory being used and who uses it.

• Selecting a program that will be loaded into memory.

D. File Management

The file is a collection of related information, in accordance with the manufacturer's files
them. Generally, files represent programs and data. The file can have a structure
is hierarchical (directory, volume, etc..). The operating system implements the abstract concepts
of the beam by adjusting the mass storage media, such as tapes and disks.

The operating system is responsible for activities associated with file management:

• the file creation and deletion.

• Creation and removal of directories.

• Support for file and directory manipulation.

• Map-file to secondary storage.

• Backing up files to a permanent storage media (non-volatile).

E. Management System Input / Output

Often referred device manager. Provide a common device driver so that the operation
Input / Output can be uniform (open, read, write, close). Example: user
using the same operation to read files on the hardware, CD-ROM and floppy
disk.

Operating System components for the system input / output:

• Buffer: holds temporary data from / to the device input / output.

• Spooling: do scheduling the use of input / output system to be more efficient

(queues, etc..).

• Provide driver: to be able to perform detailed operations for hardware

Input / Output specific.

F. Secondary Storage Management

Data stored in main memory is temporary and the amount is very small. by
Therefore, to store the entire data and computer programs needed storage
secondary permanent and can accommodate a lot of data, as a back-up of
main memory. Examples of secondary storage is the hard-disk, diskette, etc..

The operating system is responsible for activities relating to the management of disk
such as:

• free-space management.

• allocation of storage.

• The disk-scheduling.

G. system Protection

Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes,
or users to the system resources. Protection mechanism must:

• Distinguish between the use of which has been given permission and who have not.

• Specifying the control to be charged / assigned.

• Provide tools for the implementation of the system.

H. Network

A distributed system is a set of processors that do not share memory or a clock. Each memory and the processor has its own clock. The processors are connected via distributed communication network system provides user access to various resources systems. Access to a computational speed increase and improvethe provision of data

I.Command-Interpreter System

Operating system is waiting for instructions from the user (command driven). Program that reads instruction and interpreting control statements generally referred to: control-card interpreter,
command-line interpreter and sometimes known as a shell. Command-Interpreter System is
varies from one operating system to another operating system and adapted to the purpose and
technology device input / output available. For example: CLI, Windows, Pen-based (touch),
and others.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

In general, the operating system component consists of process management, memory management main, file management, system management  I / O, secondary storage management, system protection, network and Command-Interpreter System.

B. ADVICE

As a student at STMIK should be required to study the oprasi system because it is very closely related to the field of computer that is high diperguruan STMIK this.